EXPLORE CHAPTERS
01. Introduction
In 2019, GGGI launched the first benchmarked Green Growth Index, a composite index measuring a country’s performance in achieving sustainability targets including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Climate Agreement, and Aichi Biodiversity Targets for four green growth dimensions – efficient and sustainable resource use, natural capital protection, green economic opportunities, and social inclusion. The Index aims to provide policymakers with a metric to measure green growth performance and on which to base their decisions.
In this new report in 2020, there are two main improvements made in the Index – the computation of trend from 2005 to 2019, and the replacement of several proxy variables with more relevant indicators or better data availability.
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02. Global Review
Among the four dimensions, the scores in the green economic opportunities dimension are lowest across all regions and have large variance across countries. No country has reached very high scores and only four countries have high scores, which are all in Europe. Despite no score reaching a very high level, the Green Growth Index generally increased worldwide from 2005 to 2019. There is a very encouraging development for about 19 countries which experienced over a 20% increase in score for the Green Growth Index during this period.
This section shows maps presenting scores of countries in the four green growth dimensions in 2019 and dashboards comparing the changes in the scores from 2005 and 2019.
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03. Regional Outlook
To understand the performances of countries, it is important to review the trends over the past years which are disaggregated by region and dimension. Understanding the reasons for the upward and downward trends in the Index and its dimensions allows policymakers to gain insight into which areas of green growth require more attention.
Although the trends differ across continents for other dimensions, green economic opportunities are consistently below targets and largely stable across time, except in Europe where the trend is rising slightly and greater than other regions. Across all continents, social inclusion scores have risen systematically over the past 15 years. This is especially true in areas with many developing countries like Asia and Africa.
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04. Country Performance
The top-ranking countries by region are Sweden in Europe, Japan in Asia, Mexico in the Americas, New Zealand in Oceania, and Tanzania in Africa.
It is noteworthy that while many countries in Europe have better scores on green economic opportunities, many European countries have also low and very low scores, like most countries in other regions. The countries in Europe excel in social inclusion where scores are all high and very high. This region is approaching the sustainability goal of leaving no one behind. On the other hand, this remains a big challenge in many countries in Africa where half of the countries remain to have low performance in social inclusion.
Methodology
Methodology
When the Index was first published in 2019, over 300 experts from about 40 countries have been consulted. Many of these experts remained involved in the annual review of the Index, but GGGI continues to invite more experts to make the review as comprehensive and global as possible. This section discusses the approach for and results of the expert review on the 2020 Green Growth Index.
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This section talks about GGGI’s collaborations and how the Index and Simulation Tool are supporting international organizations and governments in measuring and assessing country-level performance to enhance their knowledge on how different policy options across sectors influence a country’s green growth performance.
